We are absolutely sure though that it will soon become one of the biggest Italian fashion brands knowing the founder and her incredible power and dedication. Over time, the Tobacco Factory replaced the two factories used for processing tobacco located at the ex-convent of St. Ursula. This was then followed by stunning collections of ready-to-wear clothing. Batschari (1834) In 1834, August Batscharis founded the Batschari cigar and cigarette manufacturer in Baden-Baden. The leading brand of tobacco heaters in Italy is Iqos. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2021 Oldest.org | Terms | Privacy | Contact | Facebook, Not long after coming America, often in the pursuit of religious and political freedom, the first European colonists established the, The national anthem expresses the identity and values of a nation-state and symbolizes national pride and patriotism. The brand is all about fine wool and cotton, and flashes of patterns but in general, the textures and tailoring do the talking for their collections. Owner: Imperial Brands 1 Marlboro. She was one of the first female fashion designers to create a popular line of menswear too! Free shipping for many products! Currently, you are using a shared account. One the Guardian called her the godmother of Italian fashion as well. Missoni is one of those iconic Italian brands that have really unique, particular aesthetics. Benson & Hedges top in 3 countries. Its popularity even grew during World War I and II when army men preferred to smoke Woodbine over other brands. When it comes to made-to-measure Italian dress, Marta Ferri is known as one of Milans most sought-after wedding dress ateliers among the citys upper crust. Market: England, Germany, Turkey Business Solutions including all features. The word "toscano" means Tuscan, as in from the state of Tuscany in Italy. Giorgio Armani, the brand was founded in 1975, and since we became one, if not the most famous man fashion icons in the world. The brand developed from a modest high-quality handmade cigar in a rented house to a small factory that made 110,000 cigarettes per year. Hi. As the oldest cigarette brand today, Muratti is more than just a cigarette brand, but a living testimony to peoples fondness for cigarettes. Since its establishment, the brand has continuously innovated in the production of individual products, including appearance, taste and so on, so I have to say that every single, are just a few of the Italian brands, which are popular locally, and it is understood that duty free shops in Italy also have, When should I go to the doctor when you have COVID-19, World Athletics Championships: Kelly Ruddick to become oldest ever female competitor, aged 49, Covid-19: Bristol hospital trust brings back mask wearing, How to Reduce Stop Smoking Symptoms With Herbal Cigarettes, Headaches, Chills, and a Tingling Feeling, choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Owner: British American Tobacco At the time, she was bringing suitcases of samples to shops in Milan out of her Fiat 500. a31 road closure alton; cdw insurance for rental cars; hygro cotton bath towels; Hello world! 8 - Suorin Air You can get the Suorin Air for $24.99. A pack consisting of 5 cigars costs from 12,5 to 35,6 dollars. Dolce & Gabbana Two Italian clothing designers everyone knows! This Paisley became later Etros signature design too. Banned Analysis The law prohibits the sale of cigarettes that contain "caffeine or taurine or other additives and stimulant compounds that refer to energy and vitality." Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/699895/brands-of-cigarettes-smoked-in-italy/ (last visited March 05, 2023), What brand of cigarettes do you smoke? When youre looking for an Italian dress, you want to check Miu Miu, the sister company of Prada led by Miuccia Prada. The brand is known worldwide, and since the new owners, we expect bigger growth as well. Since Capstan doesnt have any filter, its sales dwindled in the 1940s as more medical findings linked cigarette smoking to lung cancer and other health problems. Cigar Cases and Travel Humidors: Giorgio Fedon 1919, Pelletterie Fiorentine. Philip Morris almost went out of business in the 1950s. [Graph]. If theres one of the Italian designer brands we must pick thats similar in style to Armani, wed say Prada. 2.cavallo Milan is renowned for its place at the heart of the fashion industry but now the city wants to target pollution too By Dany Mitzman Bologna It's all change for the trendy crowds along the canals of. Price: $3. Missoni is famous for its zigzag prints, vibrant, colorful scarves, and other knitwear that we all want to have in our wardrobes. list of american cigarette brands. Outstanding yet elegant, simple yet eye-catching is always what Italians are looking for when it comes to fashion. Local brands include Diana, Muratti, Sax, and Fortuna. The technique can be identified easily when it comes to Bottega Veneta designs. She founded the prestigious Italian fashion brand in 1981 with her brother Massimo. NOHOW got on our best Italian fashion brands list for more reasons. Miu Miu is unmissable when it comes to the best Italian fashion brands list since the quality, style, and vision are just irreplaceable. Beacons of enlightenment and knowledge,, Its hard to imagine life today without some form of language as it encompasses so many aspects of our lives, Archaeology has roots dating back to the early civilizations that were curious about the past. Besides denim clothing, Diesel has also expanded to leather jackets that we absolutely love! Marlboro is one of the best-selling brands in the world in the ranking of Italian cigarette brands. Product successfully added to your shopping cart. The fashion brand was founded in 1911 by Dante Trussardi 1911 in Bergamo, where he began as a leather glove manufacturer. Miuccia founded Miu Miu in 1993, and having the same creative director and designer leading both brands just shows us how talented and diversely incredible she is. Miu Miu Italian fashion brands list, 30. 2004-2023 SmokeAndShop. Classy, simple, with black and white always dominating. Winston Winston is one of the most popular brands in Italy, because there are other countries that make cigarettes of this brand, in Italy, the local version of this cigarette printed on the side of the ban on the sale of Italian minors. Please note that the cigarette brands listed on this post are what we have on the record. They are strong with a thick white smoke, and used to be more stronger at the time, i don't remember the price, maybe 5,50 only soft pack. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. Krizia was founded by the Italian fashion designer, Mariuccia Mandelli in 1954. In its earliest days, the owner of Capstan spent a lot of money advertising the brand. Marnis aesthetic creations are the reflection of Francesco Rissos vision, whos the creative director of the brand. The brand was originally named for the seaport of Newport, Rhode Island. Prada is one of those Italian luxury brands everyone knows! Besides the impeccable leather goods, theyve got clothing, shoes, and accessories collections as well, and they remain one of the most important Italian designer clothing brands. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. There might be older brands but they are not well documented. Extreme elegance, eye-catching prints that are reflecting the Italian style that just Italian designer clothing brands can create When it comes to the Italian fashion brand names list, Prada, as well as the previous me is number one. Italian women wear predominantly black, and they rarely wear colorful clothes, light colors, and especially avoid colors that are really popping. Chesterfield made a lot of history in the field of cigarettes. However, in order to stay on the track, some companies raised the price of their products, for example Altria's (NYSE: MO . Explore new Italian brands and international Italian-style cigars: premium hand-rolled full-bodied: Amazon Cigars; mellow air-cured: Nostrano del Brenta; popular favorites: CAO Italia. Freshest Stock! As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Buying cigarettes online atSmokeAndShop.com has many advantages: Only low cost and finest quality cigarettes provide real pleasure. July 9, 2022, Stop Smoking Symptoms: The Mental Game Revenue of the cosmetic & beauty industry in the U.S. 2002-2022, Value of the leading global textile exporters in 2021, by country, Vegetable oils: global consumption 2013/14 to 2022/23, by oil type, Cocoa bean production worldwide 2019/20-2021/22, by country, World coffee per capita consumption: major consumer countries 2015, Cosmetics Industry in the U.S. - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Garda Tourism Garda Hotels Garda Bed and Breakfast Garda Vacation Rentals Garda Vacation Packages Flights to Garda Garda Restaurants Things to Do in Garda Garda Travel Forum Garda Photos Garda Map Show publisher information Sieni Kimalainen. MS was manufactured for years at the Manifattura Tabacchi plant in the city of Rovereto, Trentino. He spent his childhood and adolescence in Ischia with his eight brothers. When it comes to traditional Italian clothing, knitwear is part of it since here in Italy we dont like cold weather, but unfortunately, we still do get it. Giorgio Armani is for sure a label that we dont need to explain to many! The brand was born in 1952 in Monestier-de-Clermon, a small village in the mountains near Grenoble. The different types of cigarettes produced by Davidoff are Gold, Classic, Supreme, Mild, and Menthol,, among others. Benson & Hedges is the brand of choice of King George VI. It started in England, United Kingdom, and was later introduced in the United States where it thrived exponentially. Explore new Italian brands and international Italian-style cigars: premium hand-rolled full-bodied: Amazon Cigars; mellow air-cured: Nostrano del Brenta; popular favorites: CAO Italia. ", Cint, What brand of cigarettes do you smoke? When it comes to Italian clothing, as you must have realized already from the above-listed brands, the collections of Chiara Ferragni brand are far away from what heres called traditional. It has been known for a long time that cigarette tobacco contains naturally occurring radioactive nuclides such as 210Pb and 210Po. While becoming one of the most important Italian designer brands, Etro also represents the Made in Italy label. The name State Express was inspired by the visit of Sir Albert Levy to Manhattan, USA. It fast became one of the most expensive clothing brands, and in the past period, it started gaining even bigger attention around the world. And in 1899, the Batschari increased its production to . There are several brands of cigarettes selling well all over the world in Italy? Elegant, yet much more relaxed than Armani, colorful yet classy and glamorous. Their premium tobacco quality and affordable price will satisfy every connoisseur of cigarette smoke. Emporio Armani is the affordable, youthful version of big brother. These greens are the oldest cigarettes you can get in italy, they may be the first "regular" cigarettes that became popular because they were cheap and with a black strong untreated tobacco. During the survey, 12.53 percent of Italian respondents stated they smoke. In the 1970s Dantes grandson, Nicola Trussardi took over the brand and he implemented a lifestyle vision that made the brand famous after. Year in existence (as of August 2022): 143 years. As per this luxury brand, they dont need a big loud logo for you to know youre wearing luxury on you. Year in existence (as of August 2022): 175 years. Statista. The brand is associated with luxury, which also reflects in its presentation. [Online]. While we were planning the best Italian fashion brands list it was really challenging to choose which brand to come after which one! Owner: Altria Well, when it comes to Italian high street fashion brands it looks like we cant get to the end of the list. Our inventory is continually updated to bring in the latest and top e-cigarettes products to give our clients the ultimate experience. The brand was founded in 1945 by Nazrone Fonticoli and Gaetano Salvini. Now, Alberta Ferretti made a brand with highly converted and successful womenswear, and she has a dedicated international following for her ultra-feminine and ethereal cocktail dresses and gowns. 1. This is one of the most famous denim brands in Italy and also around the world. For instance, the small brother, the Emporio Armani, is a less luxurious, more playful, and more affordable version of the elegant big brother. The founder, Laura was born in Rome in 1943, and shes one of the best Italian fashion designers. August 16, 2018. One of Ipsen's strengths is his consistency in referencing crucial transformations in the Italian cigarette market related to price, wages, and their ability to serve as a barometer of Italy's overall economic health. In the past, men commonly smoked cigarettes. Lets talk about another one of the Italian clothing designers and the brand of Bottega Veneta. The company has its roots in India itself, under ITC Limited. This is a fashion house you should definitely watch out for! The Sabadi Modica Chocolate Variety Pack offers five different flavors: Lemon, Cinnamon, Sea Salt, Mandarin Orange, and Dark Chocolate. The blend does not differ much from the premium productions from Toscano's hand-made products (North American wrapper, with a North American and Italian Kentucky . Use Ask Statista Research Service. The public's growing understanding of e-cigarettes being safer than traditional cigarettes, particularly among younger people, due to numerous studies conducted by medical institutions and associations, is forecasted to . Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. It has a good reputation for offering a strong and unique taste. The quality of cigars is perfect in this country. ItalianSmokes.com is a Multiverse Cigars Store. Because of the tradition and culture behind Sobranie, it is considered a luxury cigarette for most of its history. It is the first brand that introduced a cigarette pack that comes with an extra layer. Moschino is famous for everyday iconography, corporate logos, and even comic book characters used for their designs. Marni is one of the most outstanding luxury Italian fashion brands founded in Milan in 1994. Within this list of Italian high street fashion brands, we wanted to make sure we cover each of the fashion brand companies. Laura Biagiotti is another highlight of the best Italian fashion brands. The symbol chosen by Nicole to symbolize Trussardi is the Italian greyhound, and he expanded his collection into other leather goods and accessories, such as sunglasses. Dont be surprised if Im going to speak with the same admiration about Versace as I did with the other Italian fashion houses above. Year introduced: 1873 Charminar 4. Our cigarettes store was created to provide you with the cheapest cigarettes on-line which created in European countries. And when it comes to Fendi, its not only one of the Italian designer brands, but they also have a hotel. The Brand: Davidoff is a premium cigar brand that also sells cigarettes and other accessories. The name Benson & Hedges came from the names of its founders - Richard Benson and William Hedges. Nat Sherman October 20, 2021. Your email address will not be published. Garda. The fashion brand is known for deep reds, yellow without shame, bold oranges, green, fuchsia, and lilac competing to surprise. Yes, when it comes to the biggest Italian fashion brands we all know about Armani. She wants women to stand out, and thats reflected in the collections. When we hear Armani, we right away imagine razor-sharp quality black suits, and that tasteful, simple yet extravagant style that only Italian designers can create. Depending on the region, this cigarette brand is manufactured and marketed by different companies such as Philip Morris USA and Rothmans. Elisabetta Franchi just got on our list of the best Italian high street fashion brands. Note: Imperial Tobacco changed its name to Imperial Brands in 2016. Another of those Italian clothing designers everybody heard about! If you look closely at the Pall Mall logo, youll read a Latin phrase, In hoc signo vinces. This means, By this sign shall you conquer. Thats the reason you see two regal lions and a knights helmet on its logo. Ever since Barena set about melding the worlds of tailoring and sportswear in an effortless yet casual style. Originally we had 25 brands instead of 35, but we decided to add another 10 brands. Country: United States One of the most outstanding family-owned Italian clothing brands is Etro. Cigar Cases and Travel Humidors: Giorgio Fedon 1919, Pelletterie Fiorentine. Iqos tobacco heaters are available in selected tobacco shops. Chiara Ferragni, the model, businesswoman, and influencer had her first Chiara Ferragni brand collection in 2013. Honestly, worth checking them out! [5], MS is mainly sold in Italy, but also is or was sold in Spain, France, Germany, Austria, Slovenia and Brazil.[6][2][7]. The factory was so important that it had its own set of train tracks leading from the railway station directly into the plant. Barena designs for life rather than for clothings sake, and their designs are perfect for daily streetwear use. Year in existence (as of August 2022): 126 years. Copyright 2009 - 2023 Multiverse Cigars LLC. 1. Posted in beacon hill walking tour map, on 28 November 2021, by , saginaw spirit game schedulebeacon hill walking tour map, on 28 November 2021, by For those looking for a milder taste and lighter effect of a cigarette, we prepared a list of lowest tar and nicotine cigarette brands in 2019. The Italian luxury label now creates full. The uniqueness of their designs is that they have always chosen different narratives of the Mediterranean inspired by different places or parts of history. Marta Ferri is a member of the house of Borromeo, an old Italian noble family she married into. Today ETRO is based at Via Spartaco in Milan, in a beautifully restored building. Alberta Ferretti is another gem of the Italian designer brands. [1], The brand has appeared in many Italian movies, especially during the 1970s, and was even endorsed by Italian actor Nino Manfredi.[3]. They started their career among the most classy Italian designer brands in 1985. Max Mara has sophisticated brand stores, and they are present in some of the most famous shopping houses from Paris to New York, and from Tokyo to South Africa, and of course in Milan too. Derby top in 1 countries. The following small cigarettes network editor on the collation of the Italian cigarette brand ranking, take a look at it. Country: England Owner: Philip Morris International Charms 8. 5 out of 5 stars (326) Sale Price $100.15 $ 100.15 $ 125.18 Original Price $125.18 . They were both studying fashion when they decided to launch their own brand. The shipping price is 9.25 for one carton. They're the best cigarettes in the market and are the only ones here that can be compared to the american quality. Those that are the most famous, have the best quality clothing lines, and the best style. Experience one of Italy's best-kept secrets: genuine Italian premium cigars. The two designers use richly patterned silks and a lot of glitters that quickly became part of urban wardrobes. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information This made their cigarettes preserve more moisture, making them tastier. Cavaliere Achille Maramotti founded the first company of the Max Mara Group in 1951, which today is one of the most prestigious Italian fashion houses. Two Italian clothing designers everyone knows! Suorin has a pretty excellent reputation for beginner devices, and especially pod systems. This style often shows by a re-appropriation of crochet or patchwork in a modern, catching way. Year introduced: 1896 $6.21 Buy on Amazon Sale Bestseller No. More than. From 1891 onward, a regular production of Italian Kentucky was attempted, especially in those regions that offer climate and ideal conditions for it to prosper. Italy : The Custom and Monopoly Agency (ADM) has updated the lists of notified nicotine-containing and nicotine-free e-cigarette products, now containing a total of 21,341 products. are just a few of the Italian brands, which are popular locally, and it is understood that duty free shops in Italy also have cigarettes brands from all over the world to choose from, but REMEMBER TO SMOKE IN MODERATION! Their newest lines with floral prints, strong colors, and elegance are just incredible! July 8, 2022, Headaches, Chills, and a Tingling Feeling Lets speak to some more Italian clothing designers, and Brane Venezia, the brand. We have also discussed where you can buy the best Italian dress youve dreamed of. The Enrico Coveri collections up until today are happy, colorful, and powerful. Some of its well-known slogans were Have Capstan and Time for a Capstan.. On their website, Marni says they celebrate individuality through an unpredictable visual language of graphic rigor, which is absolutely true! $120,00. And now were back to another fashion brand company you must keep an eye on Brioni as well. Gold Flake 2. If you take a look at the website or the Instagram account of the brand, you'll find an exceptional line of bags. Throughout its history, it has undergone a number of ownership changes until it was acquired by Altria in 1999. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Cavender's 7. Also, you must know that the brand is supplying its fabrics to many other fashion brands like Supreme. If youre looking for luxurious, expensive clothing brands in Italy, Valentino must be among your top picks! Answer 1 of 3: Anyone know makes of italian cigarettes and how much they are? Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/699895/brands-of-cigarettes-smoked-in-italy/, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, Individuals who ever smoked in Italy 2021, by smoking status and gender, Italy: number of non smokers aged 14 years and over 2010-2021, Number of former smokers aged 14 years and over in Italy 2010-2021, Number of smokers aged 14 years and over in Italy 2010-2021, Share of daily smokers in Italy 2010-2021, Share of smokers in Italy 2021, by gender, Share of smokers in Italy as of 2021 by age and educational level, Number of smokers in Italy 2006-2021, by gender, Cigarette smokers aged 14 years and over in Italy 2010-2021, Italy: distribution of cigarette smokers 2010-2021, by consumption range, Number of cigarettes smoked in Italy in 2021, by gender, Italy: monthly household consumption expenditure on tobacco 2021, by macro area, Share of e-cigarettes users in Italy 2020, by gender and age, Share of e-cigarettes users in Italy 2020, by macro-region, Share of e-cigarettes users in Italy 2020, by region, Share of e-cigarette users in Italy 2013-2019, Intention to quit smoking e-cigarettes in Italy 2019, Total number of anti-smoking facilities in Italy 2001-2022, Support facilities for smokers who want to quit managed by the NHS in Italy 2001-2021, Support facilities for quitting smoking in Italy 2021, by region, Services provided by anti-smoking facilities in Italy 2021, by type, Smoking prevalence forecast in Italy 2013-2028, Smoker population forecast in Italy 2013-2028, Male smoker population forecast in Italy 2013-2028, Female smoker population forecast in Italy 2013-2028, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Norway 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Denmark 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Ireland 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Spain 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Turkey 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Finland 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in France 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Sweden 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Poland 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in the Netherlands 2018, Brands of cigarettes smoked in Belgium 2018, Argentina - brands of cigarettes smoked 2018, Brazil - brands of cigarettes smoked 2018, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. 1st December 2022 I really believe that theres no such an incredible designer with such a powerful story as hers. Check out our 70s cigarette brand selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. This is one of those high-end brands that set the stage for feminine looks that celebrate female forms with exquisite floor-length gowns and skirts. Today, State Express 555 is sold around the world. However, upon their death, the ownership was eventually changed, but the brand name was retained. [2] Within a few years, it became the most popular brand of cigarettes in Italy due to the strong sense of "Italianism" the brand portrays. You will never find these cigars anywhere outside the country because they are not imported outside the European Union. Year introduced: 1899 Her success is up for no doubt why, Elisabetta Franchi is not only one of the best Italian luxury brands, but Elisabetta herself is really inspiring as a woman too! Pall Mall was first introduced in the United Kingdom as a premium cigarette brand. ItalianSmokes.com does not sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 21. Box of 5 cigars. If you live long enough, you would remember that Capstan was one of the most popular cigarette brands during the early part of the 20th century. italian cigarettes brandsveterinary ophthalmologist in texas Fine Art LLC italian cigarettes brands . At first, all his cigarettes were made manually following the Russian way of making cigarettes. 12 Youngest Centers in 2022-2023 NBA Season, 10 Youngest Cities in the World Based on Population. We can say that Chiara has definitely added a revolutioner, bright, girly spice to the restrained, simple yet elegant, and glamorous Italian style. Country: United States Trussardi headquarters are now in Palazzo Trussardi alla Scala in Milan, while since 2019 the majority of the company belongs to Quattro R. Since this year, Trussardi started gaining even more fame abroad too. Nevertheless, State Express 555 (also known as simply 555 or Bentoel 555), is different. You can pay for your order using Visa card. Laura Biagiotti is famous around the world, and New York Times named her the Queen of Cashmere. All product names, logos, and brands are property of their respective owners. Diesel offers different pieces within their collection of well-tailored denim clothes that come in different washes. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Filip Morris produces these cigarettes. There are sticks in a variety of flavors. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. At Barena Venezia they say the inspiration comes from the times when Italian workers would work a full day wearing a three-piece suit. The Chiara Ferragni brand has shown up on the fashion radar just a few years ago. The Toscano Lets start with one of the best Italian luxury brands! Learn how and when to remove this template message, Gazzetta Ufficiale N. 163 del 15 luglio 2010, "MS cigarettes: An Italian Lifestyle Symbol", "MS sigarette del nostro passato qui con curiosit e belle FOTOCuriosando Negli ANNI 60 70 80 90", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MS_(cigarette)&oldid=1136015839, 821 full, blue, white AMERICAN BLEND (ex MS 821 with the E.T.I lion on the pack), This page was last edited on 28 January 2023, at 06:47. italian cigarettes brands. Hes still an active member of one of the biggest Italian fashion brands, together with the founders granddaughter Silvia Venturini Fendi. The best breakfast in town! Since its establishment, the brand has continuously innovated in the production of individual products, including appearance, taste and so on, so I have to say that every single cigarettes in the house is worth trying! Barena Venezia best Italian fashion brands, 35 Migliori Marche Abbigliamento Italiani. Today the iconic designer, Mario Pradas granddaughter Miuccia Prada is the creative director of the brand as she inherited the label from her grandfather. This cigarette brand is a luxury cigarette from England. 7. When it comes to traditional Italian clothing, there are some colors and prints that Italians love to wear. Today Rocco Barocco is one of the most successful Italian designer brands. Hence, we started our list with this specific designer brand. Prada was founded in 1913 by Mario Prada, and today, its still under the rule of the Prada family. 3 Candy Cigarettes -24 Count Boxes Single Display Box of 24 packs of Candy Cigarettes Each pack contains 10 candy cigarettes
The Username Or Password For Mail Btinternet Com Is Incorrect, Doctor Who Fanfiction 11th Doctor Hurt, What Happened To Laura Kucera, Articles I
The Username Or Password For Mail Btinternet Com Is Incorrect, Doctor Who Fanfiction 11th Doctor Hurt, What Happened To Laura Kucera, Articles I