A Slovak from Bratislava can and does understand eastern Slovak dialects, he might have to tune his ear a bit, but I know because Ive talked to many members of my family about this and other Slovaks and they all say it sounds really stupid and a few words are different but they definantly understand. The Aegean Macedonian dialects mostly spoken in Greece, such as the Lerinsko-Kostursko and Solunsko-Vodenskadialects, sound more Bulgarian than Macedonian. It is not that hard. The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927.
Polish and Russian: are they similar or very different languages? Macedonian syntax and lexics are more similar to Serbian, even though structures of the language such as articles (no declensions) function as in Bulgarian. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . Hello, the difference of course is completely arbitrary, but above 90%, most speakers regard their comprehension as full or say things like I understand it completely. Below 90%, it starts getting a lot more iffy, and down towards 80-85%, people start saying things like, I understand most of it but not all! and people start regarding the other tongue as possibly a separate language. Most of the Ukrainian speakers who do not speak Russian are in Canada at the moment. Furthermore, not only does this app provide small lessons that can be expanded into full-on courses, but it also allows you to interact with native speakers of the target language. Sorry for so much criticism it is just my Czech/Moravian opinion on the subject. Not only are these Slavic languages very similar to Russian in written form, but they are also around 70% mutually intelligible. In writing, German is also somewhat mutually intelligible with Dutch. People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) Russia Invades Ukraine pt XII. A number of native speakers of various Slavic lects were interviewed about mutual intelligibility, language/dialect confusion, the state of their language, its history and so on. I thought this is Croatia! The Polish alphabet includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics: the kreska in the letters , , , , and through the letter in ; the kropka in the letter , and the ogonek ("little . Slovak has 91% intelligibility of Czech. [2], Sign languages are not universal and are usually not mutually intelligible,[3] although there are also similarities among different sign languages. Sledva da se otbelei, e tova delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici, a samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik, za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi. Once you learn Ukrainian, you can understand Polish, Czech, Belarusian, or other Slavic languages because they are quite similar. Can you give me your name here or can you email me with your name, unless that is you in your email address there. True science would involve scientific intelligibility testing of Slavic language pairs. Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii.
How mutually intelligible are Ukrainian and Russian? : r/ukraine But still Slovene and Dalmatian akavian speaker can talk if they stick to old slavic part of their respective languages. My family comes from Kaikavian (50%), Chakavian (25%) and Shtokavian (25%) areas, but at home, especially last years, we prefer to use only Kaikavian-Chakavian. But which languages in the world are actually closest to . https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family If you're a foreign student, studying russian, it's unlikely you'd be able to understand Ukrainian at all. Answer (1 of 11): Look, if you're Ukrainian you most likely already speak russian. The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages, What You Should Know About Mutually Intelligible Languages, The 11 Best Language Learning Apps of 2023, How to Say Thank You in 35 Different Languages Around the Globe, The Penny Pinchers Guide to Learning Any Language for Free, The Top 8 What Language Should I Learn Online Quizzes, The 6 Best Sources of Language Learning Videos on the Internet. 5. This comment is fantastic! Russian on the other hand uses the Cyrillic alphabet. Also after studying Ethnologue for a very long time, I noticed that they tended to use 90% as a cutoff for language versus dialect most but not all of the time. . Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. I met Croats from Zagreb and they speak Slovenian perfectly. Ive almost never heard it in Lviv, except by visiting villagers or old people. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. Although even if they stuck to Polish/Ukrainian, they'd probably still understand each other. > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. Now tokavian and akavian. Robert Lindsay, Independent Journalist: l Talk about Things You're Not Supposed to Talk About. Kajkavian is probably closer to Slovenian than it is to Chakavian. In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. Its mainly in the weird Bulgarian grammar! Upper Dnistrian is influenced by German and Polish. According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. The unintelligibility is only due to the manner of speaking and not because of lexical and/or grammatical differences. Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. theres a macedonian TV program called Vo Centar, hosted by a macedoanian journalist who goes around the Balkans and interviews prominent names in politics etc. Thank you very much for this. Belarussian and Ukrainian have 85% similar vocabulary. For instance, Portuguese and Spanish have a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, but theyre technically separate languages. Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end because they dont bother to learn Slovak while many Slovaks learn Czech. As for mutual intelligibility, learned exposure aside, Ive never had much of a fun time in any area of western or northern Serbia that wasnt Belgrade; my lack of a pitch accent system (where Serbian has four accents, Ni has independent accent and length that seldom coincide with the norm); I cannot for the life of me make sense of umadija or Vojvodina Serbian (these are considered the normative core of Serbian) without resorting to asking the other party to slow down and having myself talk slower.
Are ukrainian and russian mutually understandable? Download: IOW, I think there are two languages Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages . It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. . Because of all of this, tokavian speaker has a hard time understanding fast talking akavian speakers. My gues. I myself who have learned some Macedonian, pick up much more words from spoken Serbo-Croatian than spoken Bulgarian. by Christine Ro. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? While Norway was under Danish rule, the Bokml written standard of Norwegian developed from Dano-Norwegian, a koin language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union. I also recognize a Macedonian who speaks Serbian by the vowel e, and their sound of () is much softer than Serbian one, something between Serbian and or even as same as . I think this is very difficult for Macedonians to distinguish this two consonants and pronounce them correctly. That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. Saris Slovak has high but not complete intelligibility of Polish, possibly 85%. Balgarski is balgarskijat, grupa is grupata, oficialni is oficijalnijat etc. Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. An example of equal treatment of Malaysian and Indonesian: the, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, North Germanic languages Mutual intelligibility, Learn how and when to remove this template message, considered separate languages only for political reasons, "Listening instruction and patient safety: Exploring medical English as a lingua franca (MELF) for nursing education", "The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages", "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects", "uvalar: The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic Languages", "Mutual Comprehensibility of Written Afrikaans and Dutch: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical?
What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? The Answer, and - FluentU There are some dialects around Buzet that seem to be the remains of old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects (Jembrigh 2014). Theres a good reason for this: mutual intelligibility. For example, the spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by the Czech-Slovak group with both Ukrainian and Sorbian (but not with Polish). It was formerly thought to be a Slovenian dialect, but some now think it is more properly a Kajkavian dialect. If you choose to study a language thats mutually intelligible with one you already know, chances are youll have to put a lot less work in than if you were learning a language from scratch. What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. The Russian language doesn't have a sound for " ." Ukrainian is a mostly phonetic language. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf.
Ukrainian language similar to Polish? In other respects I am happy to say I manage to keep my identity clear of any overt nationalist definitions You get 0%. There can be various reasons for this. He conducts his interviews in Macedonian, and as you can watch , his guests, be they bulgarians, serbs, bosnians, croats have no trouble understanding his questions. Slovene has some commonalities with the West Slavic languages. Grammar is almost identical. Although different writing systems are used, there are many similarities in the grammar used, such as Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian. Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. . This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. Serbs/Croats used to live in the south Poland and they moved south to the current location. plenty of prepositions are used in a similar, if not identical, manner; to name an example, na is used in both Macedonian and Ni Torlak as a replacement for the Serbian genitive, in addition to its standard use as on(to) Ni Torlak has six vowels the standard /a e i o u/ and a reduced schwa // thats found where a strong yer once used to be, as in
dog and sadness (this vowel has merged with /a/ in Serbian, but the two yers were kept as separate reflexes /e o/ (merging with those full vowels) in Macedonian) with phonemic and morpho-lexical stress that has plenty of grammatically conditioned shifts. Czech-Slovak is now 91%, Czech-Serbo-Croatian is 18%, Czech-Macedonian is 17% and Czech=-Bulgarian is 13%. Or when I heard the word pobrzajte (hurry up (plural)) it was very interesting to me. [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. (Jim Morrison). About the mistakes While the two share a similar grammar system and some vocabulary words, . How is it possible if they speak the same language? Intelligibility among languages can vary between individuals or groups within a language population according to their knowledge of various registers and vocabulary in their own language, their exposure to additional related languages, their interest in or familiarity with other cultures, the domain of discussion, psycho-cognitive traits, the mode of language used (written vs. oral), and other factors. Writing in Chakavian started very early in the Middle Ages and began to slow down in the 1500s when writing in Kajkavian began to rise. http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments Basically, you only hear a series of consonants with hardly recognizable vowels. Russian is actually a little further, but most Belarusian speakers are bilingual (Bel-Rus) and most Ukrainian . The reason that these languages seem to be mutually intelligible is because almost all Ukrainians are bilingual anyway, and capable of switching between the two at will. Serbs can read both cyrillic and latin without any problem even if that two scripts are mixed in a word or sentence. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. Thanks for the information about Eastern Slovak I will incorporate it. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. The reason there are subtitles on Russian-language shows in Ukraine is because of Ukraines puristic state language policies. Is Bulgarian Similar to Russian? A Side-by-Side Comparison Regular speech is generally quite fast. An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two languages are not very closely related. She doesn't speak any Polish so it's going to be an interesting challenge. Grammar, on the other hand, is a different matter altogether. 4.3. YIDDISH DIALECTS - JewishGen In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. .Interestingly, Ukrainians can understand the Russian language better than the Russians would understand the Ukrainian. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Cieszyn Silesian or Ponaszymu is a language closely related to Silesian spoken in Czechoslovakia in the far northeast of the country near the Polish and Slovak borders. Czechs hardly ever study at Slovak universities. Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. Most native speakers agree on MI. Was he educated? Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? Many of our word roots are the same. I use Ethnologues list of languages and dialects, but extend it a bit. Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written FluentU brings a language to life with real-world videos. Ukrainian, and Belarusian. Belarussian is nonetheless a separate language from both Ukrainian and Russian. How many English speakers know Serbo-Croatian? About Slovak being two different unintelligible languages I highly doubt so. Ukrainian language, formerly called Ruthenian or Little Russian (now considered pejorative), Ukrainian Ukrans'ka mova, East Slavic language spoken in Ukraine and in Ukrainian communities in Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Lithuania, and Slovakia and by smaller numbers elsewhere. The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. I cant say that I would understand every word, but it is usually not difficult to guess some missing gaps from the context, so I could read professional books in Bulgarian in the past. Pannonian Rusyn is actually a part of Slovak, and Rusyn proper is really a part of Ukrainian. Youre welcome Robert, for a non-slavic speaker, you have a pretty good grasp of these linguistic niceties. Polish and Ukrainian mutual intelligibility question : r/poland Some Poles say they find Silesian harder to understand than Belorussian or Slovak, which implies intelligibility of 20-25%. Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. Im The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! Ukranian: 20% Email me and give me your name please and I will use you in the paper. Contents1 Can Slovenians understand Croatian?2 What languages are mutually intelligible with Croatian?3 What is the closest language to Slovenian?4 Which two . I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. The real reason that Slavs cant even understand each other: not enough vowels in their tongues! For example, those who learn Ukrainian will eventually know 70% of Polish lexicon and a . And, as it was already sad, all Slovaks understand czeh better than czech slovaks thanks to hostory and politics. About Boyko/Hutsul dialects which according to you are more understandable to Russian person than Ukrainian language I will disagree with you. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. Score: 4.1/5 (74 votes) . I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation. non-Shtokavian dialects: Kajkavian, Chakavian and Torlakian) diverge more significantly from all four normative varieties. Molise Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. It features phonemic vowel length that came about as a coalescence of a vowel with a following /v/ (usually one /v x j/ in Serbian, the distribution is opaque and unpredictable) or the contraction of the sequence /ij/ into /i:/ this feature is shared with plenty of Macedonian dialects, as far as I remember but has traditional, harder Serbian alveopalatals and palatals, having [t d t d] for Macedonian [t d c() ()] (treating these as allophones as they seem to be the same four phonemes). That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. possession is indicated most frequently using dative pronouns, unlike Serbians tendency to use possessive pronouns in greater frequency A different dialect is spoken in each town. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. It was a long time ago though, so Ill try to convince her (and maybe a couple more Russians) to try this again tonight. The two languages are not mutually intelligible, and there are significant differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Yet its totally foreign to many in Croatia. There is . Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . This is heartening, although Kajkavian as an existing spoken lect also needs to be recognized as a living language instead of a dialect of Croatian, whatever that word means. For example, the varieties of Chinese are often considered a single language even though there is usually no mutual intelligibility between geographically separated varieties. (j/k) In the present study we tested the level of mutual intelligibility between three West Slavic (Czech, Slovak and Polish) and three South Slavic languages (Croatian, Slovene and Bulgarian).