spanish civil war ap euro

divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the It has been estimated that Picasso produced about 13,500 paintings or designs, 100,000 prints or engravings, 34,000 book illustrations and 300 sculptures or ceramics. Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. The matter of how many were killed remains highly contentious; however, it is generally believed that the toll of Nationalist violence was higher. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. Its earliest use was to describe individual political radicals unconnected with any party. After winning the civil war he presided over the government of the Spanish State. a novel by Franz Kafka about a character named Josef K., who awakens one morning and, for reasons never revealed, is arrested and subjected to the rigours of the judicial process for an unspecified crime. Its cruelty is conveyed in the coldly eloquent monochrome of Picassos painting. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. He was executed with his family shortly thereafter in 1918. This occupation cost the French the good will of the United Kingdom and the United States, who presumably thought this was too harsh an action and not warranted by the circumstances. The war also had mobilized many artists and intellectuals to take up arms. Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The strongly nationalistic PM of France during WWI, who helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles. Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. Peace was kept through the partition of the Ottoman Empire; Russians obtained Batum and Kars, won independence for the Serbs and Romanians, recognized Montenegro as an independent state, and divided Bulgaria into three zones still within the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary was to "occupy and administer" Bosnia, Britain received Cyprus (a large island), France was told they might expand from Algeria into Tunisia, Italy got cheated out of anything, and Germany got nothing. French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation. Both the Nationalist and Republican sides, seeing themselves as too weak to win a quick victory, turned abroad for help. It resulted in three major treaties: Four-Power Treaty, Five-Power Treaty and the Nine-Power Treaty and a number of smaller agreements. The coup evolved into the Spanish Civil War during which he led the right-wing Nationalists against the Republicans. The Nationalists drove a salient eastward through Teruel, reaching the Mediterranean and splitting the republic in two in April 1938. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Soviet 22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). AP Euro. There were two battles of El Alamein, both during 1942. force, beginning in October 1936 with the creation of the Popular Army, which, Spanish Civil War, (1936-39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the extreme right. Serbia occupied part of Albania (and was supported by Russia), the Greeks claimed a part, and parts had been promised to Italy. the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. Seeking allies against the threat of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union had embraced a Popular Front strategy, and, as a result, the Comintern directed Spanish communists to support the Republicans. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). The Republican forces had put down the uprising in other areas, except for some of the larger Andalusian cities, including Sevilla (Seville), Granada, and Crdoba. an Irish writer and poet, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. Nationalists, and civilians were gunned down as they fled the scene. Franco became dictator of Spain until he died in 1975. With only limited support from France, and none at all from On one side were the anarchists and militant socialists, who viewed the war as a revolutionary struggle and spearheaded widespread collectivization of agriculture, industry, and services; on the other were the more moderate socialists and republicans, whose objective was the preservation of the Republic. difficulties. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence the army had been destroyed by the division of the nation. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich"; had a close personal relationship with Hitler. was the effective ruler and later formal head of state of first parts of Spain from October 1936 and then all of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. violence and anarchy which reigned in the streets of Spain. The "bulge" refers to the salient the Germans initially put into the Allies' line of advance. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. German word meaning "cleansed of Jews". The political and emotional reverberations of the war far transcended those of a national conflict, for many in other countries saw the Spanish Civil War as part of an international conflict betweendepending on their point of viewtyranny and democracy, or fascism and freedom, or communism and civilization. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Bismarck signed the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia in 1887 to ensure Germany's safety. Economists consider him one of the main founders of modern theoretical macroeconomics. He supported the rebels against the His and his wife. The U.S. had frozen Japanese assets and cut off their oil supplies, which hindered Japan's plans for expansion. War almost entirely in France. In 1933, new elections produced a rightist government which promptly undid earlier reforms. In foreign policy, his government was divided between the traditional anti-militarism of the French left and the urgency of the rising threat of Nazi Germany. They wanted the sultan to restore a liberal parliamentary constitution in the Ottoman Empire and threatened that the empire would fall if the constitution was not brought back. an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers. a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer, an fascist political organization founded by Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933 in opposition to the Second Spanish Republic. The Nationalists were supported by Mussolinis Italy and Nazi Germany. Omissions? Five; lovely; great-aunts. Politically, their differences often found extreme and vehement expression in parties such as the Fascist-oriented Falange and the militant anarchists. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Subscribe now. It was a turning point for World War II. The plan's strategy was to first defeat France in the West while Russia was hopefully very slowly mobilizing its army in the East, then using Germany's good railroads, cross over to the East and defeat Russia. a British economist whose ideas, called Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory as well as on many governments' fiscal policies. a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. Under the barrage of nationalist attack Barcelona fell, during creating and saving your own notes as you read. . the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypt during the North African Campaign of World War II; the term is commonly used to refer to the headquarters plus its attached combat units. The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be described as . He proved incapable of managing the state during the time of political turmoil before the end of WWI, and was forced to abdicate his throne during the Russian Revolution in 1917. The Pan-Slavism was preached by leading Russians in the years of the Russo-Turkish War. Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France. The Kaiser was displeased with Moltke and removed him from his position as General. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, including portions of speeches by Adolf Hitler, interspersed with footage of massed party members. The league was shaken twiceonce by the Congress of Berlin and again when the Balkans became disputed againbut remained until the forming of the Triple Alliance. The Nationalists and Republicans proceeded to organize their respective territories and to repress opposition or suspected opposition. Mola organized for military action in Pamplona, while Franco traveled to Morocco He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, and troops under his command were largely responsible for the expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. The right reacted with fervor. Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. This body drafted a liberal constitution granting universal suffrage, basic freedoms, separation of Church and state, secular control of mass education, and the nationalization of church property. Picasso, who had allied himself with the Republican cause, read about the massacre of defenseless civilians and the theme of the mural for the Spanish Pavilion suddenly presented itself. "Monty", was a British Army officer. It failed in its purpose but was significant for later developments in international law. Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. The disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church was one platform on which nearly all agreed. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% a diplomatic conference, held in Washington, D.C. from November 1921 to February 1922. overthrow the government. Nationalist, fascist leadership proved more effective at carrying Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). You can view our. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Franco's wing Despite the division, the government managed to engage the greatest war effort since the First World War. ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions a conflict in which the Francoists or Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco, defeated the Republicans or Loyalists of the Second Spanish Republic. Allied forces under Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the beaches of France in history's greatest naval invasion. Although largely overshadowed by the Supermarine Spitfire, the aircraft became renowned during the Battle of Britain. Hitler unleashed his air force or Luftwaffe, including the entire Condor Legion, which practiced in Spain the tactics it would use in the larger conflict to come. A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. Germany and Japan signed this, promising a common front against communisim. political idealism. The alliance started to break apart in 1936, completely disbanding in 1938. The Ardennes attack was planned in total secrecy in almost total radio silence. Along with Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf, he is a key figure in the development of the modernist novel. Nationalists took control quickly, in many cases aided by supplies from Benito Russian revolutionary, "Father of anarchy," critiqued Marxism, involved in the first international and led many revolts in Russia against the tsar, German republican govt 1919-1933, result of Treaty of Versailles and Kaiser Wilhelm's abdication, First German chancellor during Weimar Republic, a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I, a Polish-born Marxist political theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary. The Spanish Civil War (18 July 1936 - 1 April 1939) was a civil war between Republicans and Nationalists. Some production of the Hurricane was carried out in Canada by the Canada Car and Foundry Co Ltd. Following the end of the Spanish civil war in 1939, the bodies of 1,700 Republicans -soldiers, civilians, people caught in the wrong place at the wrong time - were carted through the centre. Many more small nations joined the Allies. brutal massacre 1500 died and 800 were wounded, but the military targets in the A war of attrition began. Falange in the Pre-Civil-War Years, 1933-1936 Early Fascist Movements emperor of Japan during WWII. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) Military revolt against the government of Spain.After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. Tolls is such an international brigadier. For the past five years, Tracy has dedicated a yearly three-day Spanish Civil War unit to his AP European History class. This island was the site of the US's first invasion of Japanese-held territory. It was carried out specifically by removing those involved from positions of influence and by disbanding or rendering impotent the organizations associated with it. Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco In the 1890s it was used by the Gaelic League, which advocates the revival of the Irish language. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses. The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Corrections? More AP Euro Chapter Outlines. While the European democracies stayed aloof, totalitarian powers both communist and fascist sent soldiers and supplies. | When the USS Maine sank, the United States believed the tragedy was the result of Spanish sabotage and declared war on Spain. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. military problems similar to those of the Republicans. Government of the unoccupied part of France after the countries defeat by Germany, French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970). Far from being just an internal event, the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 also had a great deal of global influence, attracting left-wing volunteers from all over the world to help . Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). out the war than the clumsy democratic government of the Republicans. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies. The government of Spain's Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has started the process to open up a mass grave containing the remains of more than 33,000 victims of the country's 1936-39 civil war. They were called the Central Powers because they were encircled by the Allied Powers. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945). The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur, a Spanish (Catalan) artist and one of the most important painters of the 20th century. Her most famous works are documentary propaganda films for the German Nazi Party. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. . steadily waned. Continue to start your free trial. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and North America. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Cold War between the democratic West and communist East lasted from 1945-1991. The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Civil-War. A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. He, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. Moltke, however, gave too-vague orders to the troops on the French front, resulting in a retreat. France During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). The Spanish civil war is one of the most famous coups in the world and took place between July of 1936 and April of 1939. Republicans was the presence of the International Brigades. Dont have an account? town remained intact. At that time Spain was in the grip of a civil war and in April 1937, in broad daylight, the population of the small town of Guernica in the Republican-held Basque region of Spain was devastated by German bombers and fighters from the Condor Legion acting on General Franco's orders. support was not enough. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. fast, maneuverable British fighter plane that helped England win the Battle of Britain. The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. He sought to introduce mathematics into philosophy, and rejected ambiguities of languages applied to morals and values. One major difference setting the Nationalists apart from the Republicans was The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. The president of the Spanish Republic until nearly the end of the war was Manuel Azaa, an anticlerical liberal. About 40,000 foreigners fought on the Republican side in the International Brigades largely under the command of the Comintern, and 20,000 others served in medical or auxiliary units. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. extent as the Republicans. AP European History Textbook . This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. a propaganda film by the German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. on 50-99 accounts. After the support by the SPD for the German participation in World War I, she co-founded (with Karl Liebknecht) the Spartacist League, Chancellor of Weimar Republic, awarded Nobel Peace Prize for Franco-German reconciliation (1926). one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. Lesson 5 - The Spanish Civil War & the Influence of Foreign Powers: . Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. A well-planned military uprising began on July 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout Spain. It was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. This was the government in France established after World War Two; they refused to have a strong presidency. All About the Cold War - AP Euro. In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. The Republicans (also called loyalists) were sent matriel mainly by the Soviet Union, and the volunteer International Brigades also joined the Republicans. (Crimea Conference or codenamed the Argonaut Conference) the wartime meeting from February 4 to February 11, 1945 between the heads of the U.S., the U.K., and the Soviet Union Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin. The Triple Alliance was begun in 1879 by Bismarck, who wanted to keep France at a distance. The rebels General Francisco Franco It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. The dictatorships, however, intervened vigorously. Spanish civil war In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. lasted nine days, from 3 May 1926 to 12 May 1926. their involvement, and hundreds of airplanes were sent, along with tanks and Initial Nationalist zone July 1936 The wars end brought a period of dictatorship that lasted until the mid-1970s. organization founded after World War II to promote international peace and cooperation. confused about its identity and ideology. You have these wonderful images, for instance. There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of Causes of WWI Palmer Notes - AP Euro. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The efficient Franco a soldier rather than a fascist, but in league with fascism none the less made steady progress. What began as a failed coup spiraled into a proxy war between Europes fascist and communist countries, with the future Allies backing the Republicans and the Axis powers supporting Francos Nationalists. The His term of endearment for JEws. In August 1936, more than two dozen nations, including France . a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. Made many demands against Germany to cut down its size and to reimburse France, which had been devastated by the war. (one code per order). Then, use the word and definition to create a matching quiz. The protagonist of Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. The Republicans, aided by the Soviet Union, In 1934 there was widespread labour conflict and a bloody uprising by miners in Asturias that was suppressed by troops led by General Francisco Franco. Chapter 12 Identifications (Spielvogel) Chapter 13: European Society in the . Updates? General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. Good Night and have a pleasant tomorrow. In 1937, Hemingway traveled to Spain in order to report on the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. During the first weeks of the war, the Popular Front government of France also supported the Republicans, but internal opposition forced a change of policy. consolidated support for the republic, and by May 1937 were entrenched in When Franco was proclaimed head of the Nationalist government on Cubism is a painting of a normal scene but painted so that it is viewed from multiple views while the positions of some of the parts are rotated or moved so that it is odd looking and scrambled. .And Generalismo Franco Franco is still dead. pact in which Chamberlain accepted the seperation of the Sudetenland from the Czechs. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. If I've gotten a term wrong, join the "AP Euro - NDHS" Quizlet group, and you should be able to correct it. The painting is full of energy but there is no color and its monochrome, nighttime palette is bleak and disorientating. Below is the article summary. . EXAMPLE: 5 days ago, members of my family joined in a lovly birthday celebration for my great-auntes. He led a failed military coup against the democratically elected republican government. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. After the war, he was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. (p. 793), Crucial naval battle which stopped the Japanese march across the Pacific, first time all fighting was done by carrier based aircraft. an international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance when requested. France signed treaties with each of the countries. He rose from humble origins to become the first Labour Prime Minister in 1924.

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