which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

75. None of the models are complete within themselves. It might be that the disorder causes dysfunction in the family, rather than the dysfunctional family causing the disorder. Our attribution in these two cases is in error, but still, it comes to affect how we see the world and our subjective well-being. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified into . The goal is for the client to examine their own feelings and thoughts with openness and acceptance. Despite Freuds generalization, his theory was based on only a few patients. It sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulating a seizure. The existential perspective. a. modeling. Which of the following is a reason for which little controlled research has been devoted to the effectiveness of existential therapy? The therapist focuses only on issues specifically related to this problem. Transcribed image text: model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the psychological roots of abnormal behavior and the need of human for velf acceptance. Note the plural form of dendrite and the singular form of axon; there are many dendrites but only one axon. List and describe the models of abnormality. d. humanistic. A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a(n) _____ theorist. b. genetic mutations. I bet the bad behavior ended too. Reinforcement can either occur continuously meaning every time the desired behavior is made the subject will receive some reinforcer, or intermittently/partially meaning reinforcement does not occur with every behavior. All of the following are leading kinds of biological treatments used today EXCEPT: a. drug therapy. Uni-dimensional models alone are too simplistic to explain the etiology of mental disorders fully. d. create an ideal set of genes. An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: a. some people do not benefit from drug treatments. 22. 95. c. regression. If a person is used to receiving reinforcement every time they perform a particular behavior, and then suddenly no reinforcer is delivered, he or she will cease the response immediately. Reinforcement and punishment can occur as two types positive and negative. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. 156. How do socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors affect mental illness and its treatment? 166. This is where assessing information about others comes in and involves the cognitive process of perception, or adding meaning to raw sensory data. The neuron. A) The humanistic-existential model B) The family-social perspective C) The cognitive model D) The psychodynamic model B The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the _____ model. ADHD is more common in males than females, though females are more likely to have inattention issues. b. a. existential Since that time, I've never been able to swim in a lake. d. psychoanalytic therapy. The same is true of borderline personality disorder. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. behavioral, 60. When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: a. avoid discussing religion. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? The procedure is still the most controversial available to mental health professionals due to its effectiveness vs. the side effects, the objectivity of ECT experts, and the recent increase in ECT as a quick and easy solution, instead of long-term psychotherapy or hospitalization (https://www.mhanational.org/ect). These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells. Likewise, twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives suffering from OCD are at higher risk to develop the disorder themselves. c. people are driven to self-actualize. During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her parent why she is angry. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? In Module 3, we will discuss diagnosing and classifying abnormal behavior from the perspective of the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, Text-Revision). 134. Track the accuracy of the thought. OCD has an earlier age of onset in girls than boys, with most people being diagnosed by age 19. A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the interconnectivity of an entire network of brain structures. What is the problem with a uni-dimensional model of psychopathology? According to Freud, our personality has three parts the id, superego, and ego, and from these our behavior arises. Evaluate the usefulness of the behavioral model. There are two forms: classical conditioning, or linking together two types of stimuli, and operant conditioning, or linking together a response with its consequence. 127. This led to a cognitive-behavioral perspective that combines concepts from the behavioral and cognitive models, the latter discussed in the next section. c. transference. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. When her friends or family criticize or express disapproval over something Johannah has done, she experiences a deep depression and self-abuse. Exemplify the effect of schemas on creating abnormal behavior. Rates of SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder) are four times greater in women than men. c. operant conditioning. This model has been adopted by psychiatrists rather than psychologists. With each subsequent escape and re-insertion into the box, the cat became faster at correctly manipulating the levers. Figure 2.8. Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. Behaviorism was dominant from 1913 to 1990 before being absorbed into mainstream psychology. 59. 51. d. One-fourth of all treated couples eventually separate or divorce. b. delusional thinking. b. neurotransmitters. Module 2: Models of Abnormal Psychology As such, he continues to steal her toys. It exists in the nucleus of each cell, packaged in threadlike structures known as chromosomes, for which we have 23 pairs or 46 total. Examine the evidence both for and against your thought. Exemplify the effect of maladaptive cognitions on creating abnormal behavior. 45. What if you found out that a friend who sits in the front row is a C student but sits there because he cannot see the screen or board, even with corrective lenses? a. sociocultural b. biocultural c. psychocultural d. cognitive-cultural. Which type of theorist would focus on the athletes illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? In order to prevent anxiety in the future, it is common practice to expose someone to stressful situations. There are times when we learn by simply watching others. c. poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction. So, if there are 10 objects/situations in the list, the client will experience ten such pairings and eventually be able to face each without fear. Add them up and see if making some minor, or major, adjustments to your schedule will free an hour to get in some valuable exercise. c. double-blind studies. 39. The answer is yes, and one of two outcomes is possible. This is called observational learning and is contrasted with enactive learning, which is learning by doing. The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: The psychologist who is said to have made it possible for psychologists to do psychotherapy is called "the pioneer." C) It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects. Chapter Recap. a. focused primarily on unconscious thoughts, instincts, and conflict. 138. Chapter 14 Flashcards | Chegg.com d. transference. 74. The nervous system consists of two main parts the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is difficult to gain informed consent from individuals with mental illness. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. d. try to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts. Continuous or partial? All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. 2.3.4.3. It handles the CNSs input and output and divides into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? 121. 83. The important thing to understand is that not all behaviors occur due to reinforcement and punishment as operant conditioning says. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. The Biological Model of Abnormality Chapter Exam - Study.com In science, the perspectives used to explain events are known as: The nervous system moves quickly with nerve impulses moving in a few hundredths of a second. The biological model is generally well respected today but suffers a few key issues. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. This action MOST strongly suggests that the _____ is firmly in control of Nikolai. A common example is Lithium; side effects include loss of coordination, hallucinations, seizures, and frequent urination. Influential on the development of Skinners operant conditioning, Thorndike (1905) proposed the law of effect or the idea that if our behavior produces a favorable consequence, in the future when the same stimulus is present, we will be more likely to make the response again, expecting the same favorable consequence. Don't worry. The nervous system. Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of: What happens when an electrical impulse reaches a neuron's ending? d. development of sociopathic tendencies. 109. Nikolai runs past, grabs some of the cookies, and runs away. 2.3.1.4. a. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? a. The sociocultural model asserts that race, ethnicity, gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation all play a role in the development and treatment of mental illness. 2.2.1.2. d. humanistic. According to the Genetics Home Reference website as part of NIHs National Library of Medicine, a gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene). The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.. All forget that there is no individual model that completely explains human behavior, or in this case, abnormal behavior, and so each model contributes in its own way. Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. d. existential, 125. 133. Content that was turned away was said to be repressed. You're likely receiving a message that encourages you to question your own interpretations and the accuracy of those interpretations. a. losing the dog b. having the dream over and over c. feeling panicked in the dream d. feeling stress about her mothers illness. A boy believes that he is deserving of love only when he earns good grades. The answer is yes and no, depending on whether we are talking about continuous or partial reinforcement. c. develop depression but recover more quickly. Which statement is NOT an appropriate criticism of the sociocultural model? b. ethnographic studies. What happens at the synapse during neural transmission? Children who watched the aggressive model behaved aggressively with the Bobo doll while those who saw the gentle model, played nice. Choose one answer. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. In other words, we assume the person who cut us off is an idiot (dispositional) and do not consider that maybe someone in the car is severely injured and this person is rushing them to the hospital (situational). When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. d. sociocultural. d. disturbing and inaccurate assumptions and attitudes. The greatest strength or appeal of the behavioral model is that its tenets are easily tested in the laboratory, unlike those of the psychodynamic model. Rogers did try to investigate his propositions scientifically, but most other humanistic-existential psychologists rejected the use of the scientific method. The paradigms are sometimes in conflict. b. rationalization. b. dendrites. c. role-playing. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors. You are doing your best. 2.2.3.1. became involved in the German Feminist movement, and in 1904 founded the League of Jewish Women. This is an example of: Finally, Freud used dream analysis to understand a persons innermost wishes. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: a. intellectualization. In terms of operant conditioning, strategies include antecedent manipulations, prompts, punishment procedures, differential reinforcement, habit reversal, shaping, and programming. For more on these techniques, visit http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/. They might go through reuptake, which is the process of the presynaptic neuron taking up excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space for future use or enzymatic degradation when enzymes destroy excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space. Schemas and cognitive errors. Which type of theorist would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? This form of behavior therapy is widely used in clinical, business, and classroom situations. b. social factors leading to stress. a. A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as: The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that: people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. 114. He developed the law of effect thanks to his work with a puzzle box. d. An investigators preferred paradigm influences how they interpret research findings. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freuds-patients-serial/201201/bertha-pappenheim-1859-1936. How so? 63. They protect the neuron from harmful substances. 61. Your romantic partner of four years ends the relationship suddenly and cuts off all contact. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. c. It is full of abnormal evolutionary principles. In Banduras experiment, children were first brought into a room to watch a video of an adult playing nicely or aggressively with a Bobo doll, which provided a model. a. a persons moral compass b. the prefrontal cortex c. a persons libido d. ego defense mechanisms. Of course, most people do not experience this but instead are made to feel that they can only be loved and respected if they meet certain standards, called conditions of worth. Or, they are easily distracted and sits in the back so that all stimuli are in front of him/her. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: a. unresolved intrapsychic conflict. The use of these drugs has been generally beneficial to patients. In Panel B, we see that a neutral stimulus (NS) produces no response. Communication in the Nervous System. Borderline personality disorder has also been found to be higher in people in low-income brackets (Tomko et al., 2012) and group differences for personality disorders have been found between African and European Americans (Ryder, Sunohara, and Kirmayer, 2015). The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is: a. client-centered. Outline the structure of personality and how it develops over time. Finally, acceptance techniques help reduce a clients worry and anxiety. d. psychodynamic. Masons parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. 2.2.1.4. The nucleus is the control center of the neuron, and the soma is the cell body. This dream is interpreted to reflect the patients emotional stress over losing her mother, who is terminally ill. a. psychodynamic 66. This is an example of: Members of a family operate very independently of one another. c. primary process thought. 116. Flooding and desensitization are typical respondent conditioning procedures used with phobias, and modeling arises from social learning theory and observational learning. Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? 163. Freud considered the talking cure of Anna O. to be the origin of psychoanalytic therapy and what would come to be called the cathartic method. Outline operant conditioning and the work of Thorndike and Skinner. Personalizing Blaming yourself for adverse events rather than seeing the role that others play. In Module 2, we first distinguished uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality and made a case that the latter was better to subscribe to. c. sociocultural. c. social networks. The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: a. ego theory. Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. b. psychoanalysis. 101. Once in the brain, it is processed and interpreted. As you can learn desirable behaviors such as watching how your father bags groceries at the grocery store (I did this and still bag the same way today), you can learn undesirable ones too. b. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. b. self-actualization. Students also viewed PSY 381 Chapter 2 Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? b. superego. Charlotte feels a knot in her stomach when she enters a hospital to visit an ailing aunt. However, critics cite obvious ethical issues with conducting such surgeries as well as scientific issues. Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: Which model of abnormality focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior? A general term used for Freuds and Jungs theories is: a. psychiatric. Cognitive processes cannot be empirically and reliably measured and should be ignored.